indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
preservation; conservation; storage; saving (e.g. to disk)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to keep someone from doing; to stop; to prevent; to check; to hinder; to obstruct
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw into; to toss into
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?