than; from; out of; except; but; more
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...