if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
headquarters; head office; main office
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
receipt (of a letter, money, etc.); acceptance; receiving
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
return to base (of soldiers, military aircraft or ships)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to bear up in tragedy; to stand pain well; to hold one's temper; to clench one's teeth; to grit one's teeth
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement