Emperor Kammu; Kammu Tenno (737-806 CE, reigning: 781-806 CE)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
passing on to the next life; death; giving up a struggle; submission; being at one's wits' end; being flummoxed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
for a short while; for a brief period; soon; in a short while
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
subordination; dependency
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to talk through one's hat; to blow one's own horn
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
the heavens; the skies; celestial sphere; heavenly realm; deva realm
from ancient times; from old times; from time immemorial
stretching a rope around; roping off; one's turf; domain; territory (of an animal)
dwelling; house; home; den (of criminals, demons, etc.); nest
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to show respect for; to revere; to honour; to honor; to worship; to hold in esteem
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...