imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
metre; meter; meter; gauge
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to catch up (with); to draw level; to pull even; to be compensated; to make up for one's losses
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to have authority over; to exercise one's authority (over); to glare; to scowl at; to glower at
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to entwine; to twine around; to coordinate (with); to arrest
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
two sheets (pieces) (of paper)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
advantageous; favourable; better; profitable; lucrative; gainful
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
these guys; these fellows
impressiveness; impact; force; intensity; appeal; strength
opening (of uncultivated land)
King of the Mountains (cycling, esp. Tour de France)