indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rīchi; riichi; declaring that one is one tile away from winning while one's hand is completely concealed; being one step away from victory (or success, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lump (of flour, etc.); clump (of ground meat, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to make a payment via bank deposit transfer; to discard another player's winning tile
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
restriction on winning hands after discard of a wait tile
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
existence; being; presence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
please (give me); please (do for me)
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
field in which one acts unchallenged; unrivaled sphere of activity; one's monopoly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
second in command (of an army); vice-captain; fourth athlete to compete in a 5-on-5 team competition (kendo, judo, etc.)
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
deep pool; deep water; abyss; depths (e.g. of despair); grip (e.g. of death)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape); extraction (of compressed data)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
first half of a game; first half of a match
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...