indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before I knew it; next thing you know; when I came to
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
had better ...; had better not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
man; male; masculine gender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
gender; distinction of sex; sex
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to fuss over; to be particular about; to be obsessive about; to be fixated on; to obstruct; to hinder
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest; to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
participation; joining; entry; adherence
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
dealing appropriately (with a situation); taking proper measures; handling (an issue) carefully; making the best of (a bad bargain)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
I see; that's right; indeed
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
March; third month of the lunar calendar