indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
advance (into a new market or stage of progress); launching (a new career or venture); expanding (into a new market); stepping forward; emerging
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to allow; to enable; to make possible; to make feasible; to permit
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
all-purpose; utility; universal; all-powerful; almighty; omnipotent
folding; bending; wrapping; packing; folding (in poker)
fault; dislocation; gap; discrepancy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
wound; injury; accident; assault; inflicting bodily injury
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
geometric (progression, etc.)
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
increase; rise; growth; addition; increment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
please (give me); please (do for me)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all