what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
nonsense; irresponsible remark; codswallop; random; haphazard; unsystematic
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed