indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
vague; obscure; indistinct; hazy; ambiguous
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
question; inquiry; enquiry
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
manager (e.g. of a business, an idol, etc.); in a sports team (esp. at school) someone who does the routine drudge work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie; to restrain; to confine; to bind; to fasten
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
miserable; wretched; unhappy; sad; pitiable
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
how long; how much; to what extent
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
essence; true nature; substance; reality
after all; in the end; anyway; (cannot) possibly; (not) at all; (not) by any means
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
one's own strength or effort; (by) oneself
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to