indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
society; public; community; social studies
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
government service; the bureaucracy
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
coefficient; factor; proportional constant
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
judgment; judgement; decision; verdict
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...