ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
day after tomorrow; wrong (e.g. direction)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
trouble; bother; annoyance
sizzling (of cooking meat, fish, etc.); frizzling
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
please; somehow or other; one way or another
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
in short; in a word; to sum up; to put it simply; to make a long story short; after all
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
Hinamatsuri (March 3); Girls' Festival; Dolls' Festival
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more