unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
bento; Japanese box lunch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
elder sister; older female friend
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
tending a store; salesperson; sales clerk; shop assistant
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
risky; dangerous; suggestive; bordering on the obscene; (arch.) extreme; (arch.) harsh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
overall victory; championship
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
honorific/polite/humble prefix
help; assistance; service
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be surprised; to be astonished
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all