to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be still half asleep; to be half awake; to be not yet quite awake
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
in that way; thus; so; so?
family; members of a family
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
idea; thought; discretion; forgiveness; pardon
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
and yet; though; when; in spite of
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
looking like a ...; acting as if a ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)