indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
how; in what way; how about
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.); denomination; unit (i.e. one comprised of many); group; credit (in school, university, etc.); point
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
fine weather; fair weather
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
stark naked; completely naked; nude
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
to be flabbergasted; to be dumbfounded
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to expose (to the sun, public, danger, etc.); to bleach; to refine; to rinse (vegetables); to soak; to doxx
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; thing inside one's body believed to influence one's thoughts and feelings; (one's) unconscious; nervousness
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...