yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
the other day; lately; recently
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
in that way; thus; so; so?
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
really; truly; indeed; good grief
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
to apologize; to apologise