jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

6

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

5

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

4

goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre

4

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

3

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

3

I; me

3

dream

3

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

2

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

2

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

2

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

2

and; and then; thus; and now; and finally

2

fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet

2

painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding

2

I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me

2

what to do

2

to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time

2

to strain (oneself); to bear down; to exert oneself; to put on a bold front; to make a show of strength; to swagger

2

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

1

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

1

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

1

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

1

so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already

1

that; those; the

1

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

1

myself; yourself; I; me; you

1

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

1

inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during

1

in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something

1

be; is

1

after all; because; but; even; too; as well

1

than; from; out of; except; but; more

1

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

1

something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)

1

liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity

1

how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way

1

intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation

1

child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot

1

I; me

1

you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

1

-like; sort of; similar to; resembling

1

isn't that right?

1

something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...

1

to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!

1