people; citizens; subjects; folk
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
proprietress (of a traditional Japanese inn or restaurant); landlady; hostess; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo