how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
is that so?; I see; right; oh
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
injury; harm; evil influence; damage
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
one's body; one's person; oneself; one's appearance; one's place (in society, etc.); one's position
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
eating; bite (in fishing)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
why; how; for what reason
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date