indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
loveable; very likeable; like very much
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth