pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to draw (a line); to demarcate; to mark; to plan
university of arts; arts college
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
then; well; so; well then
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
art; craft; accomplishment; artistic skill; technique; performance
announcement; presentation; demonstration; displaying; showing; introducing
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
hibernation; winter sleep; brumation; torpor
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
occasionally; once in a while; now and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
always; all the time; constantly; frequently; often
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all