new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
side job (outside of one's main employment); side gig; part job (carried out at home); home industry; (secretly) working on something unrelated to the class (or conference, etc.) one is attending
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
primary school; elementary school; grade school
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
expenses; costly; expensive
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
waste of time; killing time
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
dictionary; lexicon; (arch.) letter of resignation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something said for politeness' sake; diplomatic language; honeyed words; lip service; empty compliment
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible