November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
side (esp. of a waterbody); edge; bank; shore
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to collect; to assemble; to gather
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
future (usually near); prospects
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; this way and that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that day; the very same day
the way back; the way home; return trip
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to wither completely (of a plant); to dry up completely; to drop all its leaves
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
fern (esp. species Gleichenia japonica); fernery
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
Canadian dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis); bunchberry dogwood; crackerberry
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like