indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
jello (gelatin-based dessert); jelly; gel; jelly
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold