jpdb beta

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

6

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

4

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

4

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

4

I; me

4

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

3

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

3

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

3

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

3

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

3

but; however; although

3

to return; to come back

3

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

2

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

be; is

2

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

2

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

2

house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name

2

then; well; so; be; is

2

you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

2

please (give me); please (do for me)

2

as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still

2

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

1

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

1

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

1

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

1

so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already

1

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

1

that; those; the

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

1

now; the present time; just now; another; more

1

still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least

1

to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need

1

you; dear; honey

1

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

1

where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent

1

bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly

1

time; hour; period; class

1

liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity

1

continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago

1

approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like

1

this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me

1

(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least

1