indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
now; the present time; just now; another; more
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
time; hour; period; class
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah