indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
foot (of a mountain or hill); bottom; base
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
intruder; invader; trespasser; raider
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
memento (from a dead person); souvenir; keepsake; orphan; posthumous child
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
almost; roughly; approximately
annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
to let something (or somebody) go past; to do too much
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
smelling burnt; smelling scorched; smelling of gunpowder (i.e. as if armed conflict is about to break out); tense; suspicious; dubious
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
genuine article; real thing; real deal