recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
danger; peril; hazard; risk
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to go out; to go around; to walk about; to roam
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
thief; robber; burglar; rebel; insurgent; traitor
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
almost; roughly; approximately
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
of late; lately; this part; this point; here
to quieten down; to fall silent; to cease activities; to become inactive; to lie low
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
discovery; detection; finding
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
quick; speedy; prompt; rapid; swift
to hunt (animals); to search (for a criminal); to go looking for (flowers, etc.); to gather (mushrooms)