indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
other; another; over; more than; I; me
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely