white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
slow; sluggish; dull; lax; sloppy; lenient
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
president (of an organization); director general; governor (of a central bank); party leader (esp. LDP)
Jupiter (Roman god); Jupiter (planet); Jupiter Symphony; Symphony No. 41 by Mozart
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
by means of; due to; because of; according to
deep affection; dear; beloved
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
our country; our land; one's own country
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to get involved (with); to begin (with); to have a hand (in)
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly