indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
how; in what way; how about
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
evil; wickedness; (role of) the villain (in theatre, etc.); the bad guy
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
treachery; betrayal; perfidy
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others