jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

11

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

2

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

11

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

6

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

4

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

6

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

5

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

10

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

2

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

1

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

3

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

3

in that way; thus; so; so?

1

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

1

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

3

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

2

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

2

that; those; the

2

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

2

person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

1

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

2

indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!

2

now; the present time; just now; another; more

1

to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)

1

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

3

again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and

1

how; in what way; how about

2

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

1

although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish

1

after all; because; but; even; too; as well

1

what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few

2

indicates question

1

truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic

1

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

1

above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous

1

bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly

2

liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity

1

sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading

2

this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me

1

to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)

2

space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)

1

to escape; to run away

2

beginning; outset; first; onset

1

to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint

1

body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health

1

spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention

2