force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bass range (in Japanese music); six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
ass; arse; rear; end; acupuncture point; hole
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take part in; to be a party to; to side with; to support; to agree with
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
military forces; hosts; troops
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't you think?; indicates question
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace