indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
winter vacation; winter holidays
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
skating (esp. ice); skate; skates
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
first shrine visit of New Year
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
My goodness!; Good lord!; Holy cow!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
on the contrary; far from it; if anything; in fact; instead
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
opening ceremony (of the school term)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
summer vacation; summer holiday
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
feeling; sense; impression
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt