whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
collision; crash; running into; conflict; quarrel; clashing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
counter; service counter (e.g. at a bank); counter (at a bar, cafe, etc.); automatically responding with an upload slot to someone who allows you to download (e.g. in P2P systems)
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
secretary (government); director; chief
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
declaration; statement; proclamation
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
one turn; spinning around; complete change; reversal; (an) about-face
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
and yet; though; when; in spite of
it's been a long time; long time no see
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mistaking one person for another; (case of) mistaken identity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nice; good; well-executed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
(another's) daughter; young lady