indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
true character; true form; true colors; consciousness; one's senses
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
final; eventual; ultimate
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ending; quitting; closing; ending before one had time to do something one wanted or intended to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
honestly speaking; in truth; in all honesty; to be frank
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
what is to be done?; what should (I) do?; what (am I) to do?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
then; well; so; well then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to make good one's escape; to get away; to outrun; to hold on (and win); to win narrowly
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
possibility; chance; potential; potentiality; possibility (modal property of a proposition containing no logical contradiction)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly