indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pink (any flower of genus Dianthus, esp. the fringed pink, Dianthus superbus); (arch.) lovable, caressable girl
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
suffix for familiar person
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
God; god; ace; king; superior person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
snake; serpent; large snake
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
myself; yourself; I; me; you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
mystery; curiosity; strangeness; ghost; monster; apparition
type of household amulet or talisman, issued by a Shinto shrine, hung in the house for protection
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...