war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
suffix for familiar person
to let go of; to release; to part with (e.g. a possession); to relinquish; to send away (e.g. one's child); to let go
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
delivery; handing over; turning over; extradition
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fixed date; settlement date
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tenth day of the month; ten days
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
outbreak of war; starting a war
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
because of; owing to; due to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation