indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
terrorist organization; terrorist organisation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
heather (plant); heath; heath; heathland
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation; joining; entry; adherence
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
Japanese person; Japanese people
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
very likely; very probable
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
getting deeply involved; going deeply into; going too far (into something)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
company; corporation; workplace
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do