honorific/polite/humble prefix
(conductor's) baton; beat; measure
suffix appended to someone else's family members
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
looking away; looking aside; outsider's perspective; observer's view