indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
many; a lot; much; multitude
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
historical materials; historical records; historical sources; archives
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
something like ...; something called ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull out; to draw out; to disconnect; to steal contents of; to pilfer (from); to pickpocket
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
Last Judgment (judgment of mankind to take place when the world ends, according to various religious traditions)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
absurd; nonsensical; preposterous
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
at that time; in those days
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)