indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
roasted sweet potato; baked sweet potato
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be seized with fear; to be intimidated; to lose one's nerve; to camp (in an online multiplayer game)
to burn; to burn with (emotion, feeling); to be fired up
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
field (for growing wheat, fruit, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
open-air fire (e.g. for garden refuse); bonfire; campfire; open fire (e.g. in a kitchen)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
extinguishing; dying out (of a fire); putting out
aromatic (roasted beans, roasted tea, etc.); fragrant (e.g. burning wood); pleasant-smelling; savory-smelling (e.g. barbecued meat); savoury; appetizing
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
piece(s) of firewood (esp. chopped or split from logs); kindling (twigs, branches, etc.); firewood
picking up; gathering; type-picking; walking
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo