indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
by means of; due to; because of; according to
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
please (give me); please (do for me)
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
have a good day; take care; see you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fine weather; fair weather
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
to be solved; to be resolved; to loosen; to come untied; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
peace; quiet; tranquility; tranquillity
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)