crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
former (incumbent); predecessor
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
government service; the bureaucracy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
execution; carrying out; performance; lead monk performing various tasks in a temple
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at that time; in those days
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you (plural); all of you; you all
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to have an accident; to meet with an accident
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
accident (caused by negligence); error; blunder; fault; defect
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hue; color phase; colour phase
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
seeing off; sending off; funeral; escapement
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
assailant; perpetrator; wrong-doer; aggressor
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
after that; afterwards; thereafter
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
aptitude; aptness; suitability