this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
it was, wasn't it?; must have been; I think (it was); how might it have been?
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
several minutes; a few minutes
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to darken; to get dark; to be clouded; to be hidden (behind clouds)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; period; class
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
while; during; while; although; all; both
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
oden; dish of various ingredients, e.g. egg, daikon, potato, chikuwa, konnyaku, etc. stewed in soy-flavored dashi
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
food; foodstuff; prey; victim
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...