too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scrap; piece; fag end; unimportant (person); petty (official); barely (in a role)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
komi; extra points given to the white player as compensation for playing second (in go)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
first departure (of the day); first train; first bus; departing one's home station (of a train, bus, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
dōjinshi; magazine published by like-minded people; fanzine; zine
display and sale of new products
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
animation; animated film; animated cartoon; anime
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to gather; to collect; to assemble
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)