where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
final exam; term-end examination; end-of-term examination
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
what's the matter?; what's wrong?