at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to have the privilege of doing
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
dilapidated house; tumbledown house; my house; my home; small resting place comprising four pillars and a roof (with no walls)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be a match for; to rival; to equal; to compare with; to be equivalent to
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?