ancient times; prehistoric times; the distant past; a very long time ago
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
joint ownership; co-ownership; sharing (e.g. a viewpoint); sharing (files, devices on a network, posts on social media, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
only; merely; but; no more than
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
author; writer; novelist; artist