indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fondly; admiringly; with fascination; with adoration; with enchantment
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beginning; outset; first; onset
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
returned goods; returning purchased goods
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
there; over there; that place; that far; that much; that point
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
best; most (valuable player); top (quality); grade A; ace; finest
pupil; student; schoolchild
to win the prize; to win the ring
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...